pipe line project pipeline route engineering with pipe, fittings, valves and other pipeline connecting the starting station, intermediate stations and terminals,7811.org, pipeline transportation routes constitute the project, including pipe assembly and laying, pipe valves and fittings installed, rivers, lakes, roads and other barriers to cross to wear, corrosion and pipeline construction pipeline subsidiary structures (such as soil and water protection, line flag) and other projects. Pipe line project is the main part of the pipeline project, pipeline project absolute investment of about 2 / 3. Pipe line project for the construction program is to design routing and route map, and then pipeline construction.
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pipeline path culling circle chart pipeline path culling ingredients to develop pipeline construction, pipeline pipe line pipe ditch corresponding pre-processing convergence welding quality inspection test pressure ditch, backfill and equipment pipeline path culling flag set to resolve the pipe to reach the terminus station by the starting of the elementary trend, which make sure the place of pipelines airplane. Station closed among the overall pressure pipe system, conveying pressure is generally 40 to 70 kgf / cm 2, high up to 84 kgf / cm 2. Single-phase fuel and gas pipeline alignments are commonly no subject to terrain tilt constraints. Pipeline to the elementary principles of selection are: ① the line for short as feasible, generally not extra than 5% of atmosphere line width is applicable; ② pipeline to meet the process requirements; ③ Select the proper station site; ④ large-scale projects to wear cross as little as feasible, choose a small measure of work, technically possible and secure, handy position, this is often one momentous root because determining the instruction of pipeline; ⑤ along with affluent power, water and mansion materials supply conditions; ⑥ as much as possible to lest open detrimental geological sites, earthquake zone and ore areas; ⑦ can properly handle its pipeline according the towns, mining, irrigation and other buildings (existing and planned) the relationship among; ⑧ more handy transmission, ease of construction and maintenance; ⑨ attention to the natural surroundings. Pipeline route selection ingredients routing the numerous factors contained, the present union is still more work to depend aboard experience. Conventional routing usage is based on the provisions of the pipeline start and end situation, the 1st topographic map in the appropriate proportion of picked more than possible alignments procedure, and then after a prefatory thinking and approximation, a selected Ji aboard better programs, and Sectional Drawing a line drawing, while the preliminary figure on the napkin station, and then behaviour on-site observation. In the observation, the line selection at Zhao these principles to collect physical geography, engineering and hydrogeology, regional planning and other message for beyond comprehensive inquiry and approximation, to put along the best solution. For the line is longer, wear cross many points, the line conditions are very complicated and massive investment projects, the absence for comprehensive again contrast. Wear across the line in the large-scale projects to be proposed careful implementation arrange, and investment from both amounts compared, and some even necessitate engineering test, in array to choose the terminal plan. Have appeared after World War II aviation photographers and satellite remote sensing technology for the selection of alignments to provide precise, careful information. In recent years, likewise with plot theory or dynamic programming methods, by method of microprocessor choose the best alignments. Circuit design agenda based on primary alignments, the scene arranged in the edge pile alignment, geological and hydrological surveys, and topographic (ground-based calculations or aerial surveys), etc., on this foundation, floor plan drawing into a line and the vertical partition to Figure . The figure signify the pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, pipe, anti-corrosion matters, insulation matters and architectures, cut-off valve type and location of the specifications, pipeline laying method and depth, through rills and other obstacles across the way, temperature compensation in the form and location, seismic fathom (penetrate pipe earthquake), along the lines of hydraulic conservation buildings and signs. To reserve the outlet stable and authentic, without the traffic and ploughing,cccengineers.com, a great many laying buried pipelines using the approximate. About the world, buried pipeline has been established for more than 98% of the pipeline. Futuhoudu altitude tube of the pipe permanence, floor temperature, permafrost (or thaw membrane) thickness, tillage depth and security conditions, typically in the 0.8 to 1.2 meters. The regional water table is also lofty and should no be planted lots, laying methods can be used embankment, or pipe mounted on the floor tube pillow or tube rack. Whether ground or underground pipeline, due to the role of the temperature feud, may generate thermal distortion. Compensation section of the fixed wharf and used to protect the pipe elbow and with the equipment joined to it from destruction. To discourage the pipeline floating swamp zones, the common use of strengthened concrete continuous wrapping or saddle-shaped cement blocks boost, can too be mechanically anchored to stability control. Steep hill areas of pipeline, construction of needful water cut-off walls or drains and other hydraulic facilities, the top casing to discourage detriment of control. Multi-purpose pipelines in abandon areas of plant or dirt bund coagulant to prevent campaign and cover the exposed pipes. Pipeline through rail or road, the more the installation of concrete casing in the embankment or steel tube, pipe through the casing to ensure the safety of pipelines and roads. But there are not tube and laid directly on the embankment, both methods are allowed by specification. Pipeline construction pipeline route works to organize a kind of specialized technology integrated actions. Buried pipeline construction agenda include: to amplify the line, pipe pre-processing, conservation, trenching, transmission treatment and piping, pipe and gathering, welding, quality inspection, pressure test, the next trench, backfill, scenery restoration and set flags and so on. The laying of a day about 3 km, diameter 760 mm pipeline construction operations team, case in point mechanized, with more than 300 versed employees and more than 170 sets of equipment, in flat areas, pipe laying 300 km a year on. The device is equipped with the following chart. Centerline of a pipeline along the pipeline route to amplify and open up a 15 to 25 meters (in some areas up to 50 meters) wide temporary pipeline construction outlet. The first is for pipeline route to develop land along the pipeline construction programs and obtain the pipes through to the right of land employers, and then open up channels, clear channel of trees, roots, rock and other embargoes should be relocated buildings, and can pass out of a tube construction machinery and transport conveyances channel to assist way and construction equipment operations. Pre-processing pipe pipe boated to the construction of the first bottom of the pipe processing factory for anti-corrosion pre-treated with preservatives. Here the first 2 tubes are usually welded into a pipe to decrease the workload of field welding. Welded pipe rust and corrosion coating floor, transported to the site assembly. Pipeline coating in array to lest damage in transit, merely also by the construction site and the dressing in place anti-corrosion coating layer. Trenching with a manual or mechanical excavation trench. Common types of lax soil excavation bucket cycle trenching machine, trenching speed of 1.5 km per day; Gravel multi-purpose single-bucket excavator; rock strata often use four-column vertical drilling machine drilling, blasting, after clear channel with shovels. Transport tube and piping tubes shipped from the plant pre-construction site, in mandate to prevent nozzle bumps, by root emulated by the mercy of a certain tilt in the trench afterward to it. Elbow pipe to meet the topography and instruction of change, the tube bent at an angle or welding a kind of shoulder. Bend radius of curvature fewer than 10 periods the diameter, the vegetation can be directly used prefabricated elbow; while larger bend radius of curvature, the use of chilly bending machine in the field. Cold bending radius of curvature of 18 to 40 times the diameter between the diameter of every width of pipe, the bending angle of not more than 1.5 degrees. When more than 500 mm diameter for pipe operations, the pipe to be installed in the internal essence to prevent deformation of the tube. Pipeline does not use a short section of many convened elbow. Use the natural bounce of the pipe elbow (also known as flexible laying) radius of curvature as the diameter of 500 to 1,000 periods. Small edge in the pipe line or permitted below regular conditions of use of natural bending method. Counterparts tube assembly to assure the quality of assembly counterparts, to assure the welding quality. Uneven wall thickness and pipe end roundness deformation, ambition be assembled to the pipe counterparts laborious. 300 mm diameter pipe to use pneumatic or hydraulic counterparts among the apparatus can automatically accommodate the whole tube-side and their counterparts in the breach. Diameter of 1000 mm or more within the counterpart on the welding equipment is installed to the interior pipe welding operations, improve efficiency and quality of welding assembly. Welding since the late 1950s with the construction of a pipeline auto welding machine. Currently, about 1 m wide large-diameter pipes and semi-automatic welding petitions; small diameter pipe welding is still chiefly manual welding, the welding speed up to 500 per minute per mm. Each weld great diameter pipe welding at fewest 4, that is, root pass, hot pass, fill and crown welding welding. Quality testing includes two tests. ① Check the dense coating: the next groove with a spark leak checks ahead the next trench backfill or arrow after the drip check with the sound. ② circumferential solder quality inspection: There are two ways, 1 disruptive testing, that a certain proportion of the number of welds, weld the use of sampling methods ambition ring slit off from the pipe, made of standard test blocks for bent, pull enhancement, the impact test, the representation requirements of weld metal lumber of not fewer than picture-tube. Second, non-destructive testing, which uses visual inspection and ultrasonic flaw detector or X-ray film and other methods to check the weld slag, porosity, cracks, and other short ridge. Generally appropriate to always non-destructive weld testing. Pressure test piping pressure test and base that the aptitude of the secret pipe and weld the maximum important method. Pipeline pressure is welded into the pipe 5 to 20 km of pipe, in water-filled tube or other media, along to the specifications of the pipeline pressure test the pressure amount. Pipeline pressure test media as possible to use water only for low-pressure pipe or in exceptional circumstances only use compressed climate. Pipeline pressure points pressure test strength and rigor of the pressure test. Strength test pressure minimum test pressure as the pipe is generally 1.25 times the highest working pressure. To rule out the hazard and reduce the welding residual accentuate, there is now pressure to improve testing practices, the most test pressure can cause the pipe accentuate up to the necessary yield strength of 90% to 120%. Rigor of the test pressure equal to pressure test the maximum working pressure. Under the trench, backfilling, and set the flag to complete welding pipes, pressure test and anti-corrosion dispose, the next trench, backfill, landscape and vegetation resumption. Xiagou use Pipelayer. Backfill, backfill with the machine screw with a sieve of fine soil before backfilling, compaction, and then backfill the recess. After backfilling, the pipe is situated along the length of pile, the corner piles, piles and cathodic conservation testing through signs. When a pipeline accident, the patrol line staff can use these flags to detect the location of pipelines. According to the results of the construction completion of the project to map out the route map showing the substantial location of the line and underground structures and pipelines across the location of the pressure test section from the end, in order to check the accident and livelihood management. Further reading: 1http://www.msdxie.com
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